The emergency treatment of hazardous chemicals leakage usually includes two aspects: leakage source control and leakage disposal and collection. Regardless of the disposal step, when entering the leakage site for treatment, the disposal personnel shall do the following: 1. Equip necessary personal protective equipment, such as chemical boots, chemical gloves, chemical clothing and necessary respiratory protective equipment; 2. Give priority to extinguishing any open fire and any other forms of heat source and fire source to reduce the risk of fire and explosion. If the leakage is flammable and explosive, kindling shall be strictly prohibited; Third, it is strictly prohibited to act alone in emergency treatment. There should be a guardian, and water guns and water cannons should be used to cover when necessary. Approach the site from upwind and uphill, and blind entry is strictly prohibited.

一、泄露源控制

1、 Leakage source control

泄漏源控制常用到的物品有：粘合劑、修補劑、橡膠修補劑、環(huán)氧堵漏棒、濕面修補劑、高溫耐磨修補劑、普通耐磨修補劑、陶瓷修補劑、水泵修補劑、鈦合金修補 劑、可塑鋼修補劑、塑料鋼修補劑、不銹鋼修補劑、銅質(zhì)修補劑、鋁質(zhì)修補劑等。

Common items for leakage source control include: adhesive, repair agent, rubber repair agent, epoxy plugging rod, wet surface repair agent, high temperature wear-resistant repair agent, ordinary wear-resistant repair agent, ceramic repair agent, water pump repair agent, titanium alloy repair agent, plastic steel repair agent, plastic steel repair agent, stainless steel repair agent, copper repair agent, aluminum repair agent, etc.

泄露源控制的常用方法有以下幾種：

The common methods of leakage source control are as follows:

圍堤堵截法

Dike blocking method

針對較大面積以上泄漏的危險化學(xué)品，為防止四處蔓延，造成難以控制的局面，采取先用沙土圍堵，然后根據(jù)危險化學(xué)品的理化特性進行相應(yīng)處理的辦法。

In order to prevent the dangerous chemicals leaked over a large area from spreading everywhere and causing a situation difficult to control, the method of first enclosing with sand and then dealing with them according to the physical and chemical characteristics of dangerous chemicals is adopted.

覆蓋法

Covering method

針對泄漏的易迅速形成爆炸范圍和易揮發(fā)的有毒液體危險品，選用泡沫等物質(zhì)覆蓋在上面，形成覆蓋層，盡量不讓其蒸發(fā)，然后再根據(jù)其特性進行處理。

In view of the leakage of dangerous substances that can easily form explosive areas and volatile liquids quickly, foam and other substances are used to cover the upper layer, so as to form a covering layer, and try not to let it evaporate, and then deal with it according to its characteristics.

稀釋法和中和法

Dilution method and neutralization method

針對泄漏的具有較強腐蝕性的危險化學(xué)品，加水稀釋或用其他物質(zhì)使之進行中和反應(yīng)，從而降低液體危險品的濃度或直接解除其危險性。

For the leaked hazardous chemicals with strong corrosivity, dilute them with water or neutralize them with other substances, so as to reduce the concentration of liquid dangerous goods or directly relieve their danger.

吸收法

Absorption method

針對泄漏的液體危險品，根據(jù)其易被吸收的特性，先用蛭石或其他惰性物質(zhì)進行吸收，再移至其他空曠處深埋或做其他處理。

For the leaked liquid dangerous goods, according to their easy absorption characteristics, first absorb them with vermiculite or other inert substances, and then move them to other open places for deep burial or other treatment.

沖洗法

Flushing method

針對少量泄漏的危險化學(xué)品或經(jīng)過用吸收法處理后的污染現(xiàn)場，有條件地用消防水沖泄漏現(xiàn)場的危險化學(xué)品，使之直接排入污水處理系統(tǒng)進行處理；不能排入污水處理系統(tǒng)的，用大量消防水進行沖洗，直至沒有對周圍環(huán)境的危害為止。

For a small amount of leaked hazardous chemicals or contaminated sites treated by absorption method, conditionally flush the hazardous chemicals at the leakage site with fire water to make them directly discharged into the sewage treatment system for treatment; If it cannot be discharged into the sewage treatment system, flush it with a large amount of fire water until there is no harm to the surrounding environment.

以上方法不是獨立的，而是有序的且緊密相連的整體。例如，針對較大面積易揮發(fā)性危險化學(xué)品的泄漏，圍堤堵截法是對泄漏物采取的一步，然后根據(jù)泄漏的液體危險品的易揮發(fā)性選用覆蓋法，再用收集法，用沖洗法是對泄漏現(xiàn)場采取的。處理泄漏危險化學(xué)品應(yīng)根據(jù)其特性選用不同的方法，這一點很重要。

The above methods are not independent, but an orderly and closely connected whole. For example, for the leakage of volatile hazardous chemicals in a large area, the dike blocking method is a step taken for the leakage, and then the covering method is selected according to the volatility of the leaked liquid hazardous chemicals, followed by the collection method, and the flushing method is taken for the leakage site. It is important to select different methods to deal with leakage hazardous chemicals according to their characteristics.

二、泄漏物處置與收集

2、 Leakage disposal and collection

泄漏被控制后，要及時將現(xiàn)場泄漏物進行覆蓋、收容、稀釋，使泄漏物得到可靠的處置，防止二次事故的發(fā)生。

After the leakage is controlled, the on-site leakage shall be covered, received and diluted in time to ensure reliable disposal of the leakage and prevent the occurrence of secondary accidents.

泄漏物處置常用到的物品有：吸附棉、吸油棉、吸收棉、吸液棉、化學(xué)品吸附棉、油品吸附棉、通用型吸附棉等。

Commonly used items for leakage disposal include: adsorption cotton, oil absorption cotton, absorption cotton, liquid absorption cotton, chemical adsorption cotton, oil adsorption cotton, general adsorption cotton, etc.

泄漏物收集常用到的物品有：防化垃圾袋、防火垃圾桶、油漬廢棄物防火垃圾桶、防飛濺托盤、盛漏托盤、盛漏卡板、聚乙烯盛漏托盤、高密度聚乙烯盛漏托盤、寬口收集罐、廢液罐、金屬罐、罐、廢液儲存桶、儲存桶、千升桶、噸裝桶、中型散裝容器、集裝桶、噸包裝、IBC桶化學(xué)品儲存桶、中型散裝容器等。

Items commonly used for leakage collection include: chemical resistant garbage bags, fire-proof garbage cans, oil stain waste fire-proof garbage cans, splash proof pallets, leakage holding pallets, leakage holding pallets, polyethylene leakage holding pallets, high-density polyethylene leakage holding pallets, wide mouth collection tanks, waste liquid tanks, metal tanks, tanks, waste liquid storage barrels, storage barrels, kiloliter barrels, ton barrels, medium-sized bulk containers, container barrels Ton packaging, IBC barrels, chemical storage barrels, medium bulk containers, etc.

如果化學(xué)品為液體，泄漏到地面上時會四處蔓延擴散，難以收集處理，為此需要筑堤堵截或者引流到地點。對于貯罐區(qū)發(fā)生液體泄漏時，要及時關(guān)閉雨水閥，防止物料沿明溝外流。對于液體泄漏，為降低物料向大氣中的蒸發(fā)速度，可用泡沫或其他覆蓋物品覆蓋外泄的物料，在其表面形成覆蓋層，或者采用低溫冷卻來降低泄漏物的蒸發(fā)。

If the chemical is liquid, it will spread everywhere when it leaks to the ground, which is difficult to collect and deal with. Therefore, it is necessary to build embankment to intercept or drain to the site. In case of liquid leakage in the storage tank area, the rainwater valve shall be closed in time to prevent the material from flowing out along the open ditch. For liquid leakage, in order to reduce the evaporation rate of materials to the atmosphere, the foam or other materials covered with the material can be used to discharge the material, and a covering layer will be formed on the surface of the material, or low temperature cooling can be used to reduce the evaporation of the leakage.

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